Routing - Anything Over IP

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Routing

A collection of 18 posts

Floating Static Routes

Floating Static Routes

Floating static routes are static routes that are not installed in the routing table until the primary path fails. They are configured with a higher administrative distance (AD) than the primary route, which prevents them from being installed in the routing table. When the primary route fails, the floating static

Configuring Basic ISDN with Interesting Traffic

Configuring Basic ISDN with Interesting Traffic

When configuring ISDN with interesting traffic, it’s important to first understand how Cisco defines ‘interesting’ and what this means in terms of the connection been formed. Interesting traffic is traffic that we define in the form of an access-list that is allowed to cause the ISDN to dial. This

ISDN Switch-type

ISDN Switch-type

In order for any ISDN lines to establish Layer-1 connectivity the switch-type has to be defined correctly. The switch-type is very much country dependant so it’s also important to memorize the switch-type that applies to where you do most of your installations. If Layer-1 is showing ‘Deactivated’ when using

Inter-VLAN Routing (Router on a Stick)

Inter-VLAN Routing (Router on a Stick)

Virtual LANs (VLANs) are logical groupings of devices within a single broadcast domain, regardless of their physical location. While VLANs provide excellent segmentation and security benefits, devices in different VLANs cannot communicate with each other by default. This is where Inter-VLAN routing comes into play. Inter-VLAN routing enables communication between

Speed and Duplex configuration

Speed and Duplex configuration

Speed and Duplex Configuration When connecting devices to a switch, the speed and duplex settings are usually auto-negotiated between the devices. However, there are times when you may need to manually configure these settings. Understanding Speed and Duplex Speed refers to how fast data can be transmitted over the link,

Clock rate and Bandwidth commands

Clock rate and Bandwidth commands

Two commands in Cisco router configuration that often cause confusion are the clock rate and bandwidth commands. Let me explain the difference between these two important interface configuration commands. Clock Rate Command The clock rate command is used on serial interfaces to set the actual physical transmission speed of the

Uni-directional routing issues

Uni-directional routing issues

This post covers some common uni-directional routing issues you may encounter when working with Cisco routers. What is a uni-directional routing issue? A uni-directional routing issue is when traffic can flow in one direction between two networks but not in the opposite direction. For example, Host A can ping Host

Configuring OSPF on a Cisco Router

Configuring OSPF on a Cisco Router

Understanding OSPF OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a link-state routing protocol that uses the Dijkstra algorithm to calculate the shortest path to each destination network. Unlike distance-vector protocols like RIP, OSPF maintains a complete topology database of the network, allowing for faster convergence and loop-free routing. Basic OSPF Configuration

Configuring EIGRP on a Cisco Router

Configuring EIGRP on a Cisco Router

What is EIGRP? Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is a Cisco proprietary routing protocol that combines the best features of distance vector and link-state protocols. EIGRP uses the Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) to ensure loop-free routing and provides fast convergence times. Basic EIGRP Configuration To configure EIGRP on a

Configuring RIP on a Cisco Router

Configuring RIP on a Cisco Router

In this article, I will configure RIP (Routing Information Protocol) on a few Cisco routers in Packet Tracer to demonstrate how to set up dynamic routing with RIP. We'll look at the basic RIP configuration and some useful verification commands. I'll be using the following network

What is a Routing Protocol?

What is a Routing Protocol?

A routing protocol is a set of rules or standards that determine how routers communicate with each other to exchange information about network destinations. These protocols enable routers to build and maintain routing tables, which contain the best paths to reach different network destinations. Think of routing protocols as the

Wildcard Mask

A wildcard mask is used to identify which parts of an IP address to check when applying ACL rules. The wildcard mask works with the IP address of packets that are being evaluated by the ACL, NOT with the IP address in the ACL statement. The wildcard mask uses the

Cisco Administrative Distance

Cisco Administrative Distance

Cisco routers use administrative distance (AD) to select the best path when the same destination network is learned by two or more different routing sources. In simple terms, administrative distance is the trustworthiness of the routing source. The lower the administrative distance value, the more trustworthy it is. When the

Default Gateway of Last Resort

Default Gateway of Last Resort

Let's explore the concept of the default gateway of last resort and how to configure it on Cisco routers. The default gateway of last resort is a route that a router uses when no specific route exists for a destination network in its routing table. It's

Static Routing

In this post, I want to demonstrate static routing and how it can be used. A static route is a configuration on a router that specifies how to reach a particular network. We manually specify the path packets must take to reach their destination. Let me demonstrate this with a

Configuring an IP address on a Cisco Device

Configuring an IP address on a Cisco Device

Configure a static IP address on an interface To configure a static IP address on an interface, you need to enter interface configuration mode and then use the ip address command to assign the IP address and subnet mask. Here's how to do it: Router> enable Router#

CIDR - Classless Inter Domain Routing

CIDR - Classless Inter Domain Routing

CIDR stands for Classless Inter-Domain Routing. It is a method for allocating IP addresses and routing Internet Protocol packets. CIDR was introduced in 1993 to replace the previous classful network addressing architecture. What is CIDR? CIDR allows for more flexible allocation of IP address space than the traditional Class A,

What is an IP address

What is an IP address

What is an IP address? An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. Think of it as a postal address for your computer or device on the internet. Types of IP Addresses IPv4